National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) – Progress and Challenges

The programme adopts a city‑specific action plan, focusing on source‑based emission control, promotion of public transport, and stricter enforcement of industrial norms.

By 2023, 54 cities reported a decline in PM2.5 levels ranging from 5% to 12%, while others faced setbacks due to meteorological factors and delayed implementation of monitoring infrastructure.

Key challenges include data gaps in real‑time air quality monitoring, coordination among multiple ministries, and financing of clean‑technology projects, prompting the Centre to propose a dedicated NCAP fund.